アブストラクト(続き)

The new version of the standard expands the PMHF concept by further promoting a new metric “average probability of failure per hour over the operational lifetime of the item”, which has not been commonly used by the reliability engineering community.

ISO 26262:2011(初版) Part5

• 9.4.2.1 "Quantitative target values for the maximum probability of the violation of each safety goal due to random hardware failures"
• 9.4.2.2 "Quantitative target values of requirement 9.4.2.1 shall be expressed in terms of average probability per hour over the operational lifetime of the item"

ISO 26262:2018(第2版) Part5

• 9.4.2.1 "Quantitative target values of requirements 9.4.2.2 or 9.4.2.3 shall be expressed in terms of average probability per hour over the operational lifetime of the item"
• 9.4.2.2 "Quantitative target values for the maximum probability of the violation of each safety goal at item level due to random hardware failures"

もう一つの問題は、信頼性工学の分野では一般的に使用されていなかった「項目の動作寿命における1時間当たりの平均故障確率」という部分で、これは既にISO 12489の3.1.23に書かれているPFHが相当します。ISO 12489の原文を読めば3.1.23の平均故障頻度(average failure frequency)の項に、

The average failure frequency is also called “Probability of Failure per Hour” (PFH) by the standards related to functional safety of safety related/instrumented systems (e.g. IEC 61508[2]): PFH = $\overline{w}(T)$ where $T$ is the overall life duration of the system.

と書かれています。平均故障頻度はPFHとも呼ばれ、故障頻度(=故障確率密度)を0から車両寿命まで積分したものを車両寿命で平均化したものです。

この段落の問題をまとめると、

• PMHFの定義は第2版で拡張されていない(=初版と同じ定義である)
• PMHFは新しいなじみのない概念ではない(=ISO 12489で既に定義されているPFHと同じ)

$\dagger$: Kleyner, A. and Knoell, R., “Calculating Probability Metric for Random Hardware Failures (PMHF) in the New Version of ISO 26262 Functional Safety - Methodology and Case Studies,” SAE Technical Paper 2018-01-0793, 2018

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